Under 28 U.S.C. § 586(f), the U.S. Trustee Program contracts with independent firms to audit consumer (Chapter 7 and Chapter 13) bankruptcy cases. The USTP may randomly designate roughly one in 250 cases per district, and may designate exception audits where a debtor’s income or expenditures deviate from statistical norms. An audit results in a Report of Audit, which may note one or more material misstatements. A material misstatement is the audit firm’s finding, not a legal determination of fraud or intent. The table reproduces the reported figures verbatim; OBP adds no adjustment or interpretation. See our methodology.

Debtor audits and material-misstatement rate, by fiscal year designated counts; rate = share of filed Reports of Audit with ≥1 material misstatement
Fiscal yearRandom
designated
Exception
designated
Reports of
Audit filed
Material
misstatement rate
Random
rate
Exception
rate
FY 20073,0169333,58230%27%38%
FY 20081,0253601,27621%18%28%
FY 20091,2601,0952,26122%16%28%
FY 20101,3951,2802,56223%17%29%
FY 20115335221,00825%20%31%
FY 20125658631,35125%16%31%
FY 201320321639025%17%32%
FY 20148247701,49823%16%31%
FY 20151,1141,6782,63423%16%27%
FY 201639041276020%13%26%
FY 201748548892023%19%28%
FY 20181,1538611,89123%17%32%
FY 20191,7448852,49022%18%31%
FY 202099534779316%14%22%
FY 202327529953724%15%32%
FY 202433124353920%17%25%

Notes: “Designated” counts are cases selected for audit; not every designation results in a filed Report of Audit (some cases are suspended, dismissed, or otherwise closed), so designated totals exceed Reports of Audit filed. Exception audits target statistical outliers and consistently show a higher misstatement rate than random audits. FY2021 and FY2022 public audit reports are not included in the source set. FY2020 figures reflect pandemic-related audit suspensions.

Across FY2007–2024 the overall material-misstatement rate has stayed in a narrow band, roughly 20–25 percent in most years (range 16–30 percent) — that is, in about one in five audited consumer-bankruptcy cases an audit firm reported at least one material misstatement. Exception audits, which are targeted at outliers, find misstatements at a consistently higher rate than random audits.

Source: United States Trustee Program (U.S. Department of Justice), annual Public Report: Debtor Audits by the United States Trustee Program, fiscal years 2007–2024. Figures reproduced as published. A “material misstatement” is the audit firm’s reported finding and is not a legal determination of fraud or intent. Primary source: justice.gov/ust. Derived presentation by the Open Bankruptcy Project, a 501(c)(3) nonprofit (EIN 41-5159631), under CC BY-SA 4.0. Spotted an error? Submit a correction.

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